Population structure of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in British Columbia and Washington, determined with microsatellites

Population structure of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) from British Columbia and Washington was examined with a survey of microsatellite variation to describe the distribution of genetic variation. Variation at 16 microsatellite loci was surveyed for approximately 46,500 pink salmon sampled from 146 locations in the odd-year broodline and from 116 locations in the even-year broodline. An index of genetic differentiation, FST, over all populations and loci in the odd-year broodline was 0.005, with individual locus values ranging from 0.002 to 0.025. Population differentiation was less in the even-year broodline, with a FST value of 0.002 over all loci, and with individual locus values ranging from 0.001 to 0.005. Greater genetic diversity was observed in the odd-year broodline. Differentiation in pink salmon allele frequencies between broodlines was approximately 5.5 times greater than regional differentiation within broodlines. A regional structuring of populations was the general pattern observed, and a greater regional structure in the odd-year broodline than in the even-year broodline. The geographic distribution of microsatellite variation in populations of pink salmon likely ref lects a distribution of broodlines from separate refuges after the last glaciation period

Flint Hills Land, Sky, and People

If you have spent time in the Flint Hills of Kansas, you will understand the restorative emotions that inspire the theme chosen for the 2014 Symphony in the Flint Hills Field Journal—Flint Hills Land, Sky, and People. This is the introduction for the content of the Field Journal

Impulse

Features: [Page 2-4] Sports and engineering important to student-athletes[Page 5-9] Senior engineering design conference prepares students for the industry[Page 10] Students stir science excitement in second graders[Page 11] SDSU team introduces area students to engineeringDepartments:Student news:[Page 11] Conde native named outstanding sophomore[Page 12] Bridge building: athletic competition[Page 13] Students receive Space Grants[Page 13] Clean water priority of civil engineering student[Page 13] Engineering students tour two South Dakota industries[Page 14] ME student makes your name his business[Page 16] Clifton awarded space grad assistantship at SDSU[Page 16] Channeling through RDTNFFaculty news:[Page 17] Gritzner wins faculty summer research grant at EROS[Page 17] Math professor\u27s program helps South Dakota businesses[Page 18] Quality is part of industrial management program[Page 18] Galipeau chairs Society of Plastics Engineers session[Page 19] SS Lacertae: SDSU professor writes of \u27Cosmic Billiards\u27[Page 19] Electric Council names Knabacb Person of the Year[Page 20] Grant to enable study of advanced electronic ceramics materials[Page 21] SDSU professor named to prestigious NASA science team[Page 21] Professor, students investigate ferroelectric nylon[Page 22] Bergum edits international journal on Fibonacci numbers[Page 22] Friedrich named College of Engineering computer specialistCampus news:[Page 23] Top ENTRE business plans win awards[Page 24] IMPULSE magazines goes on-line[Page 25] EED. Inventors Congress successful due to student involvement[Page 26] SDSU participates in second annual Space Day[Page 26] Industrial program receives environmental award[Page 27] Manufacturing engineering technology major to start this fall[Page 27] Vocational technical degree programs to change at SDSU[Page 28] Students, industry benefit from construction management major[Page 28] SDSU lecture series gives overview of EROS Data CenterAlumni news:[Page 29] SDSU education rates high with engineering alumnus[Page 29] Welding classes help graduate get design job[Page 30] \u27Dynamic Dakotans\u27 make their mark in Detroit[Page 30] National engineering society president speaks at SDSU[Page 31] Two former Brookings men named SDSU Distinguished Engineershttps://openprairie.sdstate.edu/coe_impulse/1026/thumbnail.jp

Early years teachers and digital literacies: Navigating a kaleidoscope of discourses

For many young children in developed countries, family and community life is mediated by digital technology. Despite this, for early years educators, the process of integrating digital technologies into classroom practice raises a number of issues and tensions. In an attempt to gain insights from early years teachers, we draw from semi-structured interview data from ten practising teachers which explored their perspectives on digital technologies within their personal and professional lives, and of children’s use of digital technologies within and outside educational settings. Our analysis builds on previous work that suggests that teachers draw on multiple discourses related to conceptualisations of childhood when thinking about digital technology and young children. In this paper we contribute to these discussions, drawing specifically on examples from the data where teachers articulate their understandings of children’s use of digital technology where this relates directly to children’s literacy practices. We assert that narrow conceptualized notions of literacy, compounded by national imperatives to raise print literacy standards, add another layer of discursive complexity that comes to the fore when teachers are asked to provide a rationale for the promotion of digital literacies in early years classrooms. A broader framing of literacy therefore, is needed if the potential of digital technologies in the early years is to be realized

Clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of brief guided parent-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy and solution-focused brief therapy for treatment of childhood anxiety disorders: a randomised controlled trial

Background—Half of lifetime anxiety disorders emerge before 12 years of age, however access to evidence-based psychological therapies for affected children is poor. This Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) compared the clinical outcome and cost-effectiveness of two brief psychological treatments for anxious children referred to routine child mental health settings. Methods—Children (5-12 years) referred to Primary Child and Mental Health Services across Oxfordshire, UK, for anxiety difficulties were randomly allocated (1:1) to brief Guided Parent-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GPD-CBT) or Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT). The primary outcome was Clinical Global Impressions of Improvement (CGI-I). Secondary outcomes were absence of primary anxiety diagnosis and all anxiety disorder diagnoses, self- and parent-reported anxiety symptoms and interference. Parents recorded patient level resource use. Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) were derived from the CHU9D. Assessments were conducted pre-, post- (primary endpoint), and 6- months after treatment. Findings—136 patients were assigned to GPD-CBT (n=68) or SFBT (n=68). Analyses were conducted with the intent to treat population. No significant differences were observed on any clinical (CGI-I; Relative Risk (RR) = 1·01 (0·86, 1·19), p = 0·95) or economic (QALY mean difference = 0·006 (-0·009- 0·02), p = 0·42) outcome measure. However, the GPD-CBT treatment was associated with lower costs (mean difference: -£448; 95% CI: -£934, £37; p=0.070). Interpretation— There was no evidence of clinical superiority, however brief GPD-CBT is likely to be a cost-effective alternative to brief psychological treatment (SFBT) and could be considered as a first-line treatment for children with anxiety problems

Predicting recovery following stroke: deep learning, multimodal data and feature selection using explainable AI

Machine learning offers great potential for automated prediction of post-stroke symptoms and their response to rehabilitation. Major challenges for this endeavour include the very high dimensionality of neuroimaging data, the relatively small size of the datasets available for learning, and how to effectively combine neuroimaging and tabular data (e.g. demographic information and clinical characteristics). This paper evaluates several solutions based on two strategies. The first is to use 2D images that summarise MRI scans. The second is to select key features that improve classification accuracy. Additionally, we introduce the novel approach of training a convolutional neural network (CNN) on images that combine regions-of-interest extracted from MRIs, with symbolic representations of tabular data. We evaluate a series of CNN architectures (both 2D and a 3D) that are trained on different representations of MRI and tabular data, to predict whether a composite measure of post-stroke spoken picture description ability is in the aphasic or non-aphasic range. MRI and tabular data were acquired from 758 English speaking stroke survivors who participated in the PLORAS study. The classification accuracy for a baseline logistic regression was 0.678 for lesion size alone, rising to 0.757 and 0.813 when initial symptom severity and recovery time were successively added. The highest classification accuracy 0.854 was observed when 8 regions-of-interest was extracted from each MRI scan and combined with lesion size, initial severity and recovery time in a 2D Residual Neural Network.Our findings demonstrate how imaging and tabular data can be combined for high post-stroke classification accuracy, even when the dataset is small in machine learning terms. We conclude by proposing how the current models could be improved to achieve even higher levels of accuracy using images from hospital scanners

Experiencing the Macromarketing Dimensions of Sustainability:Lessons Learned from Field Trips to the Ultra Novel

This paper seeks to determine the value of field trips that help establish macromarketing and sustainability scholarship in mainstream business/marketing education. It explores the experiences of postgraduate marketing and business strategy students undertaking a field trip to the “World’s Greenest Football Club,” Forest Green Rovers. It responds to the call to establish the macromarketing viewpoint within business and management education and provides contemporary insight into the hitherto unexplored use of field trips for postgraduate students. Through student focus groups the study identifies the importance of selecting field trip locations where the complex and interwoven interplay of meso, micro, and macro activities can be critically evaluated through multiple stakeholder interactions. In addition, it points to the value of students experiencing “ultra-novel” organizations and situations to motivate learning, stimulate critical debate, and thereby facilitate cognition of macromarketing systems and sustainability

Studies Needed to Address Public Health Challenges of the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic: Insights from Modeling

In light of the 2009 influenza pandemic and potential future pandemics, Maria Van Kerkhove and colleagues anticipate six public health challenges and the data needed to support sound public health decision making.The authors acknowledge support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (MDVK, CF, NMF); Royal Society (CF); Medical Research Council (MDVK, CF, PJW, NMF); EU FP7 programme (NMF); UK Health Protection Agency (PJW); US National Institutes of Health Models of Infectious Disease Agent Study program through cooperative agreement 1U54GM088588 (ML); NIH Director's Pioneer Award, DP1-OD000490-01 (DS); EU FP7 grant EMPERIE 223498 (DS); the Wellcome Trust (DS); 3R01TW008246-01S1 from Fogerty International Center and RAPIDD program from Fogerty International Center with the Science & Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security (SR); and the Institut de Veille Sanitaire Sanitaire funded by the French Ministry of Health (J-CD). The funders played no role in the decision to submit the article or in its preparation